Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Explanation

A typical angiosperm anther is bilobed, and each lobe contains two theca — the anther is therefore described as dithecous. With four microsporangia in total, one per theca per lobe, the anther is tetrasporangiate.

Explanation

The two synergids flank the egg at the micropylar end and carry filiform apparatus, which guides the pollen tube into the embryo sac. Antipodals sit at the opposite chalazal end, and the polar nuclei fuse with a male gamete to form the endosperm.

Explanation

A non-albuminous seed is one whose endosperm is entirely consumed by the developing embryo, leaving none in the mature seed — pea is the standard example. Wheat, maize and barley are cereals, all of which retain a large endosperm and are therefore albuminous.